1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - 04 Credits

I. Foundations of Research and Legal Research

• Meaning, Nature and Objectives of Research; Research in Law; Scientific Method and Legal Inquiry
• Doctrinal and Non-Doctrinal Research; Socio-Legal and Interdisciplinary Research
• Research Ethics and Academic Integrity; Plagiarism and Research Misconduct; Role of Research in Innovation

II. Research Problem, Research Design and Literature Review

• Identification of Research Problem; Formulation of Questions; Research Design; Literature Review; Gap Identification

III. Methods of Legal Research

• Doctrinal, Empirical and Socio-Legal Research; Quantitative and Qualitative; Surveys, Interviews, Case Study, Mixed Method

IV. Data Collection, Analysis and Research Tools

• Primary and Secondary Sources; Legal Databases; SPSS/Excel; Use of AI Tools in Legal Research

2. CRIME AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION - 04 Credits

I. Foundations of Crime

• Nature and Definition of Crime; Elements of Crime - actus reus & mens rea; Stages of Crime

II. Understanding Criminal Behavior

• Types of Crime; Sociological & Psychological Aspects of Crime

III. The Criminal Justice System: Theory & Practice

• Investigation, Inquiry and Trial; Expectations vs Reality in Criminal Justice

IV. Procedural Rights and Defenses

• Arrest and Rights of the Accused; General and Specific Defenses

3. INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES, PROCESSES AND AGENCIES - 04 Credits

I. Investigative Techniques and Agencies

• Investigation Techniques & Processes; Roles of Investigative Agencies

II. The Criminal Justice System in Action

• Police System; Prosecution Management; Judicial Administration

III. Evidence in Criminal Cases

• Expert and Non-Expert Witnesses; Medico-Legal Doctors & Forensic Scientists; Trial Procedures; Dying Declaration

IV. Technology and Crime Scene Investigation

• Crime Detection Devices; Forensic Techniques - Ballistics, Fingerprint, DNA; Document Examination

4. ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY - 04 Credits

I. Evidence Examination

• Biological: Blood, Saliva, Hair, Semen, DNA Examination
• Non-Biological: Ballistics, Gunshot residue, Explosives, Trace evidence

II. Functions and Units of Forensic Laboratories

• Biology & Serology, Ballistics, Toxicology, Fingerprint, Anthropology, Odontology, Arson Unit

III. Toxicology Unit Functions

• Toxicological analysis of biological fluids; Examination of poisons, alcohol, viscera

5. CRIMINOLOGY & VICTIMOLOGY - 04 Credits

I. Introduction to Criminology

• Conceptual Foundations; Emerging Forms of Crime; Interrelationship with Penology

II. The Schools of Criminology

• Pre-Classical, Classical, Neo-Classical, Positive, Sociological Theories

III. Gender and Crime

• Gendered Victimisation; Domestic Violence; Queer Perspectives

IV. Introduction to Penology

• Theories of Punishment; Capital Punishment; Sentencing; Open Prisons; Reformative Justice

6. NEW GENERATION CRIMES: CHALLENGES TO INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION - 03 Credits

I. White-Collar & Economic Crimes: Corporate fraud, Money laundering, Banking frauds, Corruption

II. Organized Crime: Syndicates, Human trafficking, Transnational crime, Role of international agencies

III. Narco-Terrorism and Drug Trafficking: Drug routes, Financing of terror, NDPS Act

IV. Cyber Crimes: Hacking, Ransomware, Cyber terrorism, Digital evidence, Cyber forensic investigation

7. MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND THE LAW - 04 Credits

I. Foundation: Human Anatomy and Physiology

II. Medical Professionals in the Legal System: Medical Evidence, Legal and Ethical Aspects, Medico-Legal Aspects of Death, THO Act

III. Medico-Legal Applications: Autopsy Reports, Injuries, Sexual Offenses, Infanticide, Abortion, Death from Asphyxia

8. MEDICO-LEGAL CASE STUDIES: MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE & CONSUMER PROTECTION - 04 Credits

I. Medical Negligence: Misdiagnosis, Surgical Errors, Improper Treatment, Failure of Informed Consent, Birth Injuries, Nursing Errors

II. Consumer Protection in Healthcare: Deceptive Advertising, Billing Errors, Insurance Denial, Defective Devices, Privacy of Medical Records

9. FORENSIC JUSTICE - 03 Credits

Module I: Foundations of Forensic Justice - Scope, Evolution, Law-Science-Criminal Justice

Module II: Crime Scene Investigation and Evidence Management - Collection, Chain of Custody, Types of Evidence

Module III: Forensic Sciences in Criminal Investigation - DNA, Fingerprint, Toxicology, Cyber Forensics

Module IV: Forensic Evidence and Legal Admissibility - Rules of Evidence, Expert Testimony

Module V: Human Rights, Ethics and Constitutional Safeguards

Module VI: Contemporary Issues - Wrongful Convictions, Emerging Technologies, Reform

10. RESEARCH PROJECT - 06 Credits

Independent research project on contemporary issues in Crime Investigation, Medical Jurisprudence or Forensic Science under faculty supervision.